The court books of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania is one of the most interesting historical collections of Vilnius University Library. It consists of almost six hundred manuscript deed books and book fragments dated between 1540 and 1845. It represents wide political, juridical, social, and economic panorama of Lithuanian history, the household of the past as well as public and individual psychology.

Vilnius University Library, which protects several unique monuments of Lithuanian literature, joined the Memory of the World programme in 2006 and provided several dozen objects of utmost importance that were attributed regional or national significance.

Various manuscript documents reveal the historical beginnings of well-known dukes and nobles of Grand Duchy of Lithuania and witness the Lithuanian nobility become part of European high society.

The personal library of Joachim Lelewel (1786–1861), bequeathed in his last will to the University’s library. It contains many manuscript documents handwritten by Lelewel himself, as well as books covering various topics.

Vilnius University Library’s cartography collection is not only the richest in Lithuania, but also one of the most unique in entire Eastern Europe. Collection is composed of atlases, historical maps, manuscript plot plans and blueprints.

Significant historical documents of Vilnius University that attest to the University’s founding, the development of teaching and studying processes, peculiarities of professor and student academic and daily life, and the influence their works had to the culture and science of the state.

Manuscripts and printed documents that show the development of Lithuanian writing from the earliest books in Lithuanian – Catechisms by Martynas Mažvydas and Mikalojus Daukša – to the Lithuanian classics of the 20th century.